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LETTER |
GROUPINGS, SOUND AND EXAMPLE |
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A |
a ... 'aa' as in 'bat' ... [ ] ... exact
a ... 'ah' as in 'father' ... [ ] ... father
a ... 'uh' as in 'supply' ... [ ] ... about
a ... 'ay' as in 'say' ... [ ] ... base, able
a ... 'eh' as in 'bed' ... [ ] ... share
a ... 'ih' as in 'sit' ... [ ] ... pirvate
aa ... 'ah' as in 'father' ... [ ] ... bazaar, aardvark
ai ... 'eh' as in 'bed' ... [ ] ... said
ai ... 'ai' as in 'buy' ... [ ] ... aisle
ai ... 'ay' as in 'say' ... [ ] ... maid
ai ... 'aa' as in 'bat' ... [ ] ... plaid
au ...'aw' as in 'law' ... [ ] ... cause
au ... 'ay' as in 'say' ... [ ] ... gauge
au ... 'aa' as in 'bat' ... [ ] ... aunt
au ... 'oh' as in 'no' ... [ ] ... chauffeur
ay ... 'eh' as in 'bed' ... [ ] ... says
ay ... 'ay' as in 'say' ... [ ] ... pay
augh ... 'aw' as in 'law' ... [ ] ... daughter
aw ... 'aw' as in 'law' ... [ ] ... shawl
ea ... 'ee' as in 'she' ... [ ] ... heat
ea ... 'uh' as in 'supply' ... [ ] ... ocean
ea ... 'eh' as in 'bed' ... [ ] ... head
ea ... 'ah' as in 'father' ... [ ] ... heart
ea ... 'ay' as in 'say' ... [ ] ... great
eau ... 'ew' as in 'few' ... [ ] ... beauty
eau ... 'oh' as in 'no' ... [ ] ... beau
ea[r] ... 'ur' as in 'her' ... [ ] ... learn
oa ... 'oh' as in 'no' ... [ ] ... oat |
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B |
silent ...thumb
b ... 'b' as in 'bit' ... [ ] ...bone |
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C |
c ... 'k' as in 'cap' ... [ ] ... casserole
c ... 'ch' as in 'char' ... [ ] ... cello
ce ... 's' as in 'sip' ... [ ] ... ice
ce ... 'sh' as in 'ship' ... [ ] ... ocean
cc ... 'k' as in 'cap' ... [ ] ... with 's' as in 'sip' ... [ ] ... accent
ch ... 'k' as in 'cap' ... [ ] ... choir, schedule
ch ... 'ch' as in 'char' ... [ ] ... chance
ch ... 'sh' as in 'ship' ... [ ] ... machine
chs ... 'sh' as in 'ship' ... [ ] ... fuchsia
ci ... 'ch' as in 'char' ... [ ] ... ancient
ci ... 'sh' as in 'ship' ... [ ] ... special
ck ... 'k' as in 'cap' ... [ ] ... back
cz ... 't' as in 'time' ... [ ] with 's' as in 'sip' ... [ ] ... czar (one of two possible pronunciations)
sch ... 'sh' as in 'ship' ... [ ] ... schmuck
sc ... 's' as in 'sip' ... [ ] ... science
sci ... 'sh' as in 'ship' ... [ ] ... conscience
tch ... 'ch' as in 'char' ... [ ] ... watch
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D |
d ... 'd' as in 'dime' ... [ ] ... dark
d ... 'j' as in 'jar' ... [ ] ... individual
dge ... 'j' as in 'jar' ... [ ] ... judge
dj ... 'j' as in 'jar' ... [ ] ... adjective
ed ... 't' as in 'time' ... [ ] ... tripped
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E |
e ... silent ... there
ce ... 's' as in 'sip' ... [ ] ... ice
ce ... 'sh' as in 'ship' ... [ ] ... ocean
dge ... 'j' as in 'jar' ... [ ] ... judge
e ... 'eh' as in 'bed' ... [ ] ... shed
e ... 'ee' as in 'she' ... [ ] ... be
e ... 'uh' as in 'supply' ... [ ] ... anthem
e ... 'ih' as in 'sit' ... [ ] ... pretty
e ... 'ah' as in 'father' ... [ ] ... sergeant
e ... 'ay' as in 'say' ... [ ] ... suede, cafe
ea ...'ah' as in 'father' ... [ ] ... heart
ea ... 'ee' as in 'she' ... [ ] ... heat
ea ... 'eh' as in 'bed' ... [ ] ... head
ea ... 'uh' as in 'supply' ... [ ] ... ocean
ea ... 'ay' as in 'say' ... [ ] ... great
ea[r] ... 'ur' as in 'her' ... [ ] ... learn
eau ... 'ew' as in 'few' ... [ ] ... beauty
eau ... 'oh' as in 'no' ... [ ] ... beau
ed ... 't' as in 'time' ... [ ] ... tripped
ee ... 'ih' as in 'sit' ... [ ] ... been
ee ... 'ee' as in 'she' ... [ ] ... weep
ee ... 'ay' as in 'say' ... [ ] ... puree
ei ... 'ee' as in 'she' ... [ ] ... receive
ei ... 'ay' as in 'say' ... [ ] ... veil
eig ... 'uh' as in 'supply' ... [ ] ... foreign (can also be reduced 'ih' as in 'sit' ... [ ])
eig ... 'ay' as in 'say' ... [ ] ... reign
eigh ... 'ay' as in 'say' ... [ ] ... weigh
eigh ... 'ai' as in 'buy' ... [ ] ... height
eo ... 'eh' as in 'bed' ... [ ] ... leopard
eo ... 'ee' as in 'she' ... [ ] ... people
eu ... 'ew' as in 'few' ... [ ] ... feud
eu ... 'uh' as in 'supply' ... [ ] ... chauffeur
eu ... 'oo' as in 'boo' ... [ ] ... sleuth
ew ... 'ew' as in 'few' ... [ ] ... few
ew ... 'oo' as in 'boo' ... [ ] ... blew
ey ... 'ee' as in 'she' ... [ ] ... key
ey ... 'ay' as in 'say' ... [ ] ... they
ie ... 'eh' as in 'bed' ... [ ] ... friend
ie ... 'ee' as in 'she' ... [ ] ... brief
ie ... 'ai' as in 'buy' ... [ ] ... lie
oe ... 'oh' as in 'no' ... [ ] ... foe
oe ... 'uh' as in 'butter' ... [ ] ... does
oe ... 'oo' as in 'boo' ... [ ] ... shoe
ue ... 'oo' as in 'boo' ... [ ] ... blue
ye ... 'ai' as in 'buy' ... [ ] ... bye
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F |
f ... 'f' as in 'fan' ... [ ] ... fear
f ... 'v' as in 'van' ... [ ] ... of
f ... 'f' as in 'fan' ... [ ] ... off |
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G |
silent ... sign
augh ... 'aw' as in 'law' ... [ ] ... daughter
dge ... 'j' as in 'jar' ... [ ] ... judge
eig ... 'uh' as in 'supply' ... [ ] ... foreign (can also be reduced 'ih' as in 'sit' ... [ ])
eig ... 'ay' as in 'say' ... [ ] ... reign
eigh ... 'ay' as in 'say' ... [ ] ... weigh
eigh ... 'ai' as in 'buy' ... [ ] ... height
igh ...'ai' as in 'buy' ... [ ] ... sigh
g ... 'g' as in 'gap' ... [ ] ... go
g ... 'j' as in 'jar' ... [ ] ... gem
ge ... 'dj' as in 'measure' ... [ ] ... beige
gg ... 'j' as in 'jar' ... [ ] ... exaggerate
ng ... 'ng' as in 'sing' ... [ ] ... ring
ng ... 'ng' as in 'sing' ... [ ] with 'k' as in 'cap' ... [ ] ... angst
ng ... 'ng' as in 'sing' ... [ ] with 'g' as in 'gap' ... [ ] ... anger
ough ... 'oh' as in 'no' ... [ ] ... though
ough ... 'aw' as in 'law' ... [ ] ... thought
ough ... 'oo' as in 'boo' ... [ ] ... through
ough ... 'ow' as in 'now' ... [ ] ... bough
ough ... 'ah' as in 'father' ... [ ] OR 'aw' as in 'law' ... [ ] with 'f' as in 'fan' ... [ ] ... cough
ough ... 'uh' as in 'butter' ... [ ] with 'f' as in 'fan' ... [ ] ... enough |
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H |
silent ... honor, thyme, rhythm
augh ... 'aw' as in 'law' ... [ ] ... daughter
ch ... 'k' as in 'cap' ... [ ] ... choir
ch ... 'ch' as in 'char' ... [ ] ... chance
ch ... 'sh' as in 'ship' ... [ ] ... chartreuse
chs ... 'sh' as in 'ship' ... [ ] ... fuchsia
h ... 'h' as in 'hi' ... [ ] ... happy
igh ... 'ai' as in 'buy' ... [ ] ... sigh
eigh ... 'ay' as in 'say' ... [ ] ... weigh
eigh ... 'ai' as in 'buy' ... [ ] ... height
ough ... 'oh' as in 'no' ... [ ] ... though
ough ... 'aw' as in 'law' ... [ ] ... thought
ough ... 'oo' as in 'boo' ... [ ] ... through
ough ... 'ow' as in 'now' ... [ ] ... bough
ough ... 'ah' as in 'father' ... [ ] OR 'aw' as in 'law' ... [ ] with 'f' as in 'fan' ... [ ] ... cough
ough ... 'uh' as in 'butter' ... [ ] with 'f' as in 'fan' ... [ ] ... enough
ph ... 'f' as in 'fan' ... [ ] ... phone
pph ... 'f' as in 'fan' ... [ ] ... sapphire
sch ... 'sh' as in 'ship' ... [ ] ... schmuck
sh ... 'sh' as in 'ship' ... [ ] ... shame
tch ... 'ch' as in 'char' ... [ ] ... watch
th ... 'th' as in 'thin' ... [ ] ... thanks
th ... 'th' as in 'this' ... [ ] ... those |
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I |
ai ... 'eh' as in 'bed' ... [ ] ... said
ai ... 'ai' as in 'buy' ... [ ] ... aisle
ai ... 'ay' as in 'say' ... [ ] ... maid
ai ... 'aa' as in 'bat' ... [ ] ... plaid
ci ... 'ch' as in 'char' ... [ ] ... ancient
ci ... 'sh' as in 'ship' ... [ ] ... special
ei ... 'ee' as in 'she' ... [ ] ... receive
ei ... 'ay' as in 'say' ... [ ] ... veil
eig ... 'uh' as in 'supply' ... [ ] ... foreign (can also be reduced 'ih' as in 'sit' ... [ ])
eig ... 'ay' as in 'say' ... [ ] ... reign
eigh ... 'ay' as in 'say' ... [ ] ... weigh
eigh ... 'ai' as in 'buy' ... [ ] ... height
i ... 'ih' as in 'sit' ... [ ] ... him
i ... 'ai' as in 'buy' ... [ ] ... time
i ... 'ee' as in 'she' ... [ ] ... police
i ... 'uh' as in 'supply' ... [ ] ... possible
i ... 'aa' as in 'bat' ... [ ] ... timbre
i ... 'y' as in 'yes' ... [ ] ... senior
ie ... 'eh' as in 'bed' ... [ ] ... friend
ie ... 'ee' as in 'she' ... [ ] ... grieve
ie ... 'ai' as in 'buy' ... [ ] ... lie
igh ... 'ai' as in 'buy' ... [ ] ... sigh
i[r] ... 'ur' as in 'her' ... [ ] ... bird
oi ... 'oy' as in 'toy' ... [ ] ... moist
oi ... 'w' as in 'will' ... [ ] with 'ai' as in 'buy' ... [ ] ... choir
ui ... 'ih' as in 'sit' ... [ ] ... build
ui ... 'oo' as in 'boo' ... [ ] ... juice
sci ... 'sh' as in 'ship' ... [ ] ... conscience
si ... 'dj' as in 'measure' ... [ ] ... vision
ti ... 'sh' as in 'ship' ... [ ] ... motion
ti ... 'ch' as in 'char' ... [ ] ... mention |
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J |
dj ... 'j' as in 'jar' ... [ ] ... adjective
j ... 'j' as in 'jar' ... [ ] ... joy
j ... 'y' as in 'yes' ... [ ] ... fjord
j ... 'h' as in 'hi' ... [ ] ... junta |
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K |
silent ... know
ck ... 'k' as in 'cap' ... [ ] ... back
k ... 'k' as in 'cap' ... [ ] ... king |
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L |
silent ... palm
l ... 'l' as in 'lap' ... [ ] ... love
ll ... 'l' as in 'lap' ... [ ] ... million |
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M |
m ... 'm' as in 'map' ... [ ] ... mine
mm ... 'm' as in 'map' ... [ ] ... summer |
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N |
silent ... autumn
n ... 'n' as in 'nap' ... [ ] ... name
n ... 'ng' as in 'sing' ... [ ] ... think
nn ... 'n' as in 'nap' ... [ ] ... funny
ng ... 'ng' as in 'sing' ... [ ] ... ring
ng ... 'ng' as in 'sing' ... [ ] with 'k' as in 'cap' ... [ ] ... angst
ng ... 'ng' as in 'sing' ... [ ] with 'g' as in 'gap' ... [ ] ... anger |
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O |
eo ... 'eh' as in 'bed' ... [ ] ... leopard
eo ... 'ee' as in 'she' ... [ ] ... people
o ... 'w' as in 'will' ... [ ] with 'uh' as in 'butter' ... [ ] ... one
o ... 'ih' as in 'sit' ... [ ] ... women
o ... 'ah' as in 'father' ... [ ] ... body
o ... 'oo' as in 'boo' ... [ ] ... do
o ... 'uh' as in 'pull' ... [ ] ... wolf
o ... 'oh' as in 'no' ... [ ] ... go
o ... 'uh' as in 'butter' ... [ ] ... love
o ... 'uh' as in 'supply' ... [ ] ... bottom
oa ... 'oh' as in 'no' ... [ ] ... oat
oe ... 'oh' as in 'no' ... [ ] ... foe
oe ... 'uh' as in 'butter' ... [ ] ... does
oe ... 'oo' as in 'boo' ... [ ] ... shoe
oi ... 'oy' as in 'toy' ... [ ] ... moist
oi ... 'w' as in 'will' ... [ ] with 'ai' as in 'buy' ... [ ] ... choir
oo ... 'oo' as in 'boo' ... [ ] ... too
oo ... 'uh' as in 'pull' ... [ ] ... wood
oo ... 'uh' as in 'butter' ... [ ] ... blood
oo ... 'oh' as in 'no' ... [ ] ... brooch
ou ... 'oo' as in 'boo' ... [ ] ... you
ou ... 'uh' as in 'supply' ... [ ] ... jealous
ou ... 'uh' as in 'pull' ... [ ] ... could
ou ... 'uh' as in 'butter' ... [ ] ... trouble
ou ... 'oh' as in 'no' ... [ ] ... soul
ou ... 'ow' as in 'now' ... [ ] ... round
ou[r] ... 'ur' as in 'her' ... [ ] ... journey
o[r] ... 'ur' as in 'her' ... [ ] ... word
ough ... 'oh' as in 'no' ... [ ] ... though
ough ... 'aw' as in 'law' ... [ ] ... thought
ough ... 'oo' as in 'boo' ... [ ] ... through
ough ... 'ow' as in 'now' ... [ ] ... bough
ough ... 'ah' as in 'father' ... [ ] OR 'aw' as in 'law' ... [ ] with 'f' as in 'fan' ... [ ] ... cough
ough ... 'uh' as in 'butter' ... [ ] with 'f' as in 'fan' ... [ ] ... enough
ow ... 'ow' as in 'now' ... [ ] ... cow
ow ... 'oh' as in 'no' ... [ ] ... row
oy ... 'oy' as in 'toy' ... [ ] ... joy
wo ... 'oo' as in 'boo' ... [ ] ... two
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P |
silent ... psychology, pneumonia
p ... 'p' as in 'pit' ... [ ] ... pear
ph ... 'f' as in 'fan' ... [ ] ... phone
pph ... 'f' as in 'fan' ... [ ] ... sapphire |
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Q |
q ... 'k' as in 'cap' ... [ ] ... quiet |
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R |
r ... 'r' as in 'run' ... [ ] ... rat |
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S |
silent ... island
chs ... 'sh' as in 'ship' ... [ ] ... fuchsia
s ... 's' as in 'sip' ... [ ] ... some
s ... 'z' as in 'zip' ... [ ] ... his
s ... 'sh' as in 'ship' ... [ ]... sugar
s ... 'dj' as in 'measure' ... [ ] ... measure
sc ... 's' as in 'sip' ... [ ] ... science
sch ... 'sh' as in 'ship' ... [ ] ... schmuck
sci ... 'sh' as in 'ship' ... [ ] ... conscience
si ... 'dj' as in 'measure' ... [ ] ... vision
sh ... 'sh' as in 'ship' ... [ ] ... shame
ss ... 'sh' as in 'ship' ... [ ]... issue
ss ... 's' as in 'sip' ... [ ] ...miss
ss ... 'z' as in 'zip' ... [ ] ... possession |
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T |
silent ... fasten
t ... 't' as in 'time' ... [ ] ... tap
t ... 'ch' as in 'char' ... [ ] ... future, righteous
tch ... 'ch' as in 'char' ... [ ] ... watch
th ... 'th' as in 'thin' ... [ ] ... thanks
th ... 'th' as in 'this' ... [ ] ... those
ti ... 'sh' as in 'ship' ... [ ] ... motion
ti ... 'ch' as in 'char' ... [ ] ... mention |
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U |
silent ... plague (it signals a hard G without being pronounced)
au ... 'aw' as in 'law' ... [ ] ... cause
au ... 'ay' as in 'say' ... [ ] ... gauge
au ... 'aa' as in 'bat' ... [ ] ... aunt
au ... 'oh' as in 'no' ... [ ] ... chauffeur
augh ... 'aw' as in 'law' ... [ ] ... daughter
eau ... 'ew' as in 'few' ... [ ] ... beauty
eau ... 'oh' as in 'no' ... [ ] ... beau
eu ... 'ew' as in 'few' ... [ ] ... feud
eu ... 'uh' as in 'supply' ... [ ] ... chauffeur
eu ... 'oo' as in 'boo' ... [ ] ... sleuth
ou ... 'uh' as in 'butter' ... [ ] ... trouble
ou ... 'uh' as in 'pull' ... [ ] ... could
ou ... 'oo' as in 'boo' ... [ ] ... you
uu ... 'uh' as in 'supply' ... [ ] ... jealous
ou ... ... 'oh' as in 'no' ... [ ] ... soul
ou ... 'ow' as in 'now' ... [ ] ... round
ough ... 'oh' as in 'no' ... [ ] ... though
ough ... 'aw' as in 'law' ... [ ] ... thought
ough ... 'oo' as in 'boo' ... [ ] ... through
ough ... 'ow' as in 'now' ... [ ] ... bough
ough ... 'ah' as in 'father' ... [ ] OR 'aw' as in 'law' ... [ ] with 'f' as in 'fan' ... [ ] ... cough
ough ... 'uh' as in 'butter' ... [ ] with 'f' as in 'fan' ... [ ] ... enough
ou[r] ... 'ur' as in 'her' ... [ ] ... journey
u ... 'uh' as in 'supply' ... [ ] ... autumn
u ... 'uh' as in 'butter' ... [ ] ... up
u ... 'ew' as in 'few' ... [ ] ... union
u ... 'eh' as in 'bed' ... [ ] ... bury
u ... 'uh' as in 'pull' ... [ ] ... sugar
u ... 'oo' as in 'boo' ... [ ] ... flute
u ... 'w' as in 'will' ... [ ] ... quiet, suite
u ... 'ih' as in 'sit' ... [ ] ... minute
ue ... 'oo' as in 'boo' ... [ ] ... blue
ui ... 'ih' as in 'sit' ... [ ] ... build
ui ... 'oo' as in 'boo' ... [ ] ... juice
u[r] ... 'ur' as in 'her' ... [ ] ... burn
uy ... 'ai' as in 'buy' ... [ ] ... buy
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V |
v ... 'v' as in 'van' ... [ ] ... voice |
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W |
silent ... answer, write
aw ... 'aw' as in 'law' ... [ ] ... shawl
ew ... 'ew' as in 'few' ... [ ] ... few
ew ... 'oo' as in 'boo' ... [ ] ... blew
ow ... 'ow' as in 'now' ... [ ] ... cow
ow ... 'oh' as in 'no' ... [ ] ... row
w ... 'w' as in 'will' ... [ ] ... wise
wo ... 'oo' as in 'boo' ... [ ] ... two
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X |
x ... 'k' as in 'cap' ... [ ] with 's' as in 'sip' ... [ ] ... ax, expert
x ... 'z' as in 'zip' ... [ ] ... xylophone
x ... 'g' as in 'gap' ... [ ] with 'z' as in 'zip' ... [ ] ... exhibit |
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Y |
ay ... 'eh' as in 'bed' ... [ ] ... says
ay ... 'ay' as in 'say' ... [ ] ... pay
ey ... 'ee' as in 'she' ... [ ] ... key
ey ... 'ay' as in 'say' ... [ ] ... they
oy ... 'oy' as in 'toy' ... [ ] ... joy
uy ... 'ai' as in 'buy' ... [ ] ... buy y ... 'ih' as in 'sit' ... [ ] ... symbol
y ... 'uh' as in 'supply' ... [ ] ... syringe
y ... 'y' as in 'yes' ... [ ] ... you
y ... 'ai' as in 'buy' ... [ ] ... rhyme, my
y ... 'ee' as in 'she' ... [ ] ... melody
ye ... 'ai' as in 'buy' ... [ ] ... bye
y[r] ... 'ur' as in 'her' ... [ ] ... myrtle |
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Z |
cz ... 't' as in 'time' ... [ ] with 's' as in 'sip' ... [ ] ... czar (one of two possible pronunciations)
z ... 'z' as in 'zip' ... [ ] ... lazy
z ... 'dj' as in 'measure' ... [ ] ... azure
z ... 't' as in 'time' ... [ ] with 's' as in 'sip' ... [ ] .. Nazi
z ... 's' as in 'sip' ... [ ] ... ritz
zz ... 'z' as in 'zip' ... [ ] ... buzz |